God covenants with people of israel.
Deuteronomy 4:13; Exodus 31:12-18; Nehemiah 9:13-14; Ezekiel 44:24; Exodus 20:1-17; Deuteronomy 5:7-21; Jeremiah 31:31-34; Hebrews 8:6-10; 10:15-17; 12:24; Matthew 5:17; Romans 2:13-16; 3:31; 1 Timothy 1:8;
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* H8451. torah: Law, Instruction, Teaching - https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8451.htm
* G3551. nomos: Law - https://biblehub.com/greek/3551.htm
* G4137. pléroó: To fill, to make full, to complete, to fulfill - https://biblehub.com/greek/4137.htm
Facts :
* God make covenant/agreement with people of israel consist about the ten commandments as mentioned in Deuteronomy 4:13;
* God also make His seventh day Sabbath are His sign for perpetual covenant/agreement with people of israel in Exodus 31:12-18;
* God laws ten commandments are listed in Exodus 20:1-17; Deuteronomy 5:7-21;
* God reveal His new covenant with people of israel and judah to jeremiah about 600 years before Lord Jesus Christ are born as Son of man in Jeremiah 31:31-34;
* God also reveal His new covenant with people of israel and judah after the time of Lord Jesus Christ ascend to heaven in the book of hebrews in Hebrews 8:6-10; 10:15-17;
* Lord Jesus Christ are the mediator to the new covenant Hebrews 12:24;
Why God make new covenant with the people of israel and judah, everything because of : Ezekiel 16:1-63 - God’s Unfaithful Bride.
For the second/new covenant, God explicitly said "I will put My law/laws" H8451 & G3551 which means the law/laws H8451 & G3551 of God are already existed at that time. God laws ten commandments are already exited since the time of moses for the first/old covenant between God and the israelite.
The questions are :
* What are the list of the law H8451 of God for the new covenant God mentioned in Jeremiah 31:31-34; written in the book of jeremiah in the old testament of the bible, about 600 years before Lord Jesus Christ are born as the Son of man ?
* What are the list of the laws G3551 of God for the new covenant God mentioned in Hebrews 8:6-10; Hebrews 10:15-17; written in the book of hebrews in the new testament of the bible, about 30 years after Lord Jesus Christ ascend to heaven ?
Very smart being answered :
In Jeremiah 31:31-34, God speaks about the new covenant He will make with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, but it does not provide a specific list of laws for this new covenant. Instead, it emphasizes the internalization of God's laws and the presence of God's law in the hearts of His people.
The new covenant is characterized by God's law being written on the hearts of His people, suggesting a change in the way the law is to be understood and followed. The emphasis is on a personal and intimate relationship with God and the transformation of the human heart rather than adherence to an external code of laws.
In Hebrews 8:6-13, the author contrasts the old covenant with the new covenant established by Jesus Christ. This passage is a quotation from Jeremiah 31:31-34 and provides further commentary on the nature of the new covenant.
The laws of God for the new covenant are primarily the teachings and commands of Jesus Christ as found in the New Testament. While the Ten Commandments and the moral laws of the Mosaic Law are still considered foundational, the new covenant adds the law of love (Matthew 22:36-40) and emphasizes faith in Jesus, repentance, baptism, receiving the Holy Spirit, and living a life of grace and obedience to Jesus' teachings. The new covenant fulfills and supersedes the old covenant, focusing on a relationship with God through Jesus Christ rather than strict adherence to ceremonial laws and sacrifices.
For a list of Jesus' commands and teachings, one would need to study the Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) and the letters of the Apostles in the New Testament. However, some key laws or principles of the new covenant include:
- The greatest commandments: to love God with all our heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love our neighbors as ourselves (Matthew 22:36-40)
- The law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus, which has made us free from the law of sin and death (Romans 8:2)
- The law of faith (Romans 3:27)
- The law of liberty (James 1:25)
- The law of Christ (Galatians 6:2)
- The law of the kingdom of God (Romans 14:17)
- The commandments to love one another as Jesus has loved us (John 13:34; 1 John 3:23)
- The commandments to believe in Jesus and to keep His word (1 John 3:23)
These are not exhaustive lists, but rather highlights of the new covenant's emphasis on faith, love, and a transformed life in Christ. The entirety of the New Testament provides a fuller understanding of God's will and the laws for the new covenant.
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Deuteronomy 4:13 (NET)
4:13 And he revealed to you the covenant he has commanded you to keep, the ten commandments, writing them on two stone tablets.
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Exodus 31:12-18 (NET)
Sabbath Observance
31:12 The Lord said to Moses,
31:13 “Tell the Israelites, ‘Surely you must keep my Sabbaths, for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am the Lord who sanctifies you.
31:14 So you must keep the Sabbath, for it is holy for you. Everyone who defiles it must surely be put to death; indeed, if anyone does any work on it, then that person will be cut off from among his people.
31:15 Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the Lord; anyone who does work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death.
31:16 The Israelites must keep the Sabbath by observing the Sabbath throughout their generations as a perpetual covenant.
31:17 It is a sign between me and the Israelites forever; for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he rested and was refreshed.’”
31:18 He gave Moses two tablets of testimony when he had finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, tablets of stone written by the finger of God.
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Nehemiah 9:13-14 (NET)
9:13 "You came down on Mount Sinai and spoke with them from heaven. You provided them with just judgments, true laws, and good statutes and commandments.
9:14 You made known to them your holy Sabbath; you issued commandments, statutes, and law H8451 to them through Moses your servant.
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Ezekiel 44:24 (NET)
44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws H8451 and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe my Sabbaths.
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Exodus 20:1-17 (NET)
The Decalogue
20:1 God spoke all these words:
20:2 “I, the Lord, am your God, who brought you from the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery.
20:3 “You shall have no other gods before me.
20:4 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above or that is on the earth beneath or that is in the water below.
20:5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I, the Lord, your God, am a jealous God, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children to the third and fourth generations of those who reject me,
20:6 and showing covenant faithfulness to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.
20:7 “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold guiltless anyone who takes his name in vain.
20:8 “Remember the Sabbath day to set it apart as holy.
20:9 For six days you may labor and do all your work,
20:10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God; on it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, or your male servant, or your female servant, or your cattle, or the resident foreigner who is in your gates.
20:11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth and the sea and all that is in them, and he rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart as holy.
20:12 “Honor your father and your mother, that you may live a long time in the land the Lord your God is giving to you.
20:13 “You shall not murder.
20:14 “You shall not commit adultery.
20:15 “You shall not steal.
20:16 “You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
20:17 “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that belongs to your neighbor.”
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Deuteronomy 5:7-21 (NET)
5:7 You must not have any other gods besides me.
5:8 You must not make for yourself an image of anything in heaven above, on earth below, or in the waters beneath.
5:9 You must not worship or serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God. I punish the sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons for the sin of the fathers who reject me,
5:10 but I show covenant faithfulness to the thousands who choose me and keep my commandments.
5:11 You must not make use of the name of the Lord your God for worthless purposes, for the Lord will not exonerate anyone who abuses his name that way.
5:12 Be careful to observe the Sabbath day just as the Lord your God has commanded you.
5:13 You are to work and do all your tasks in six days,
5:14 but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. On that day you must not do any work, you, your son, your daughter, your male slave, your female slave, your ox, your donkey, any other animal, or the foreigner who lives with you, so that your male and female slaves, like yourself, may have rest.
5:15 Recall that you were slaves in the land of Egypt and that the Lord your God brought you out of there by strength and power. That is why the Lord your God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.
5:16 Honor your father and your mother just as the Lord your God has commanded you to do, so that your days may be extended and that it may go well with you in the land that he is about to give you.
5:17 You must not murder.
5:18 You must not commit adultery.
5:19 You must not steal.
5:20 You must not offer false testimony against another.
5:21 You must not desire another man’s wife, nor should you crave his house, his field, his male and female servants, his ox, his donkey, or anything else he owns.”
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Jeremiah 31:31-34 (NET)
31:31 “Indeed, a time is coming,” says the Lord, “when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and Judah.
31:32 It will not be like the old covenant that I made with their ancestors when I delivered them from Egypt. For they violated that covenant, even though I was like a faithful husband to them,” says the Lord.
31:33 “But I will make a new covenant with the whole nation of Israel after I plant them back in the land,” says the Lord. “I will put my law H8451 within them and write it on their hearts and minds. I will be their God and they will be my people.
31:34 “People will no longer need to teach their neighbors and relatives to know me. For all of them, from the least important to the most important, will know me,” says the Lord. “For I will forgive their sin and will no longer call to mind the wrong they have done.”
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Hebrews 8:6-10 (NET)
8:6 But now Jesus has obtained a superior ministry, since the covenant that he mediates is also better and is enacted on better promises.
8:7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, no one would have looked for a second one.
8:8 But showing its fault, God says to them, “Look, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will complete a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah.
8:9 “It will not be like the covenant that I made with their fathers, on the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they did not continue in my covenant and I had no regard for them, says the Lord.
8:10 “For this is the covenant that I will establish with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord. I will put my laws G3551 in their minds and I will inscribe them on their hearts. And I will be their God and they will be my people.
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Hebrews 10:15-17 (NET)
10:15 And the Holy Spirit also witnesses to us, for after saying,
10:16 “This is the covenant that I will establish with them after those days, says the Lord. I will put my laws G3551 on their hearts and I will inscribe them on their minds,”
10:17 then he says, “Their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember no longer.”
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Hebrews 12:24 (NET)
12:24 and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks of something better than Abel’s does.
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Matthew 5:17 (NET)
5:17 “Do not think that I have come to abolish the law G3551 or the prophets. I have not come to abolish these things but to fulfill G4137 them.
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Romans 2:13-16 (NET)
2:13 For it is not those who hear the law G3551 who are righteous before God, but those who do the law G3551 will be declared righteous.
2:14 For whenever the Gentiles, who do not have the law G3551, do by nature the things required by the law G3551, these who do not have the law G3551 are a law G3551 to themselves.
2:15 They show that the work of the law G3551 is written in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend them,
2:16 on the day when God will judge the secrets of human hearts, according to my gospel through Christ Jesus.
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Romans 3:31 (NET)
3:31 Do we then nullify the law G3551 through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law G3551.
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1 Timothy 1:8 (NET)
1:8 But we know that the law G3551 is good if someone uses it legitimately,
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H8451. torah: Law, Instruction, Teaching
Original Word: תּוֹרָה
Part of Speech: Noun Feminine
Transliteration: towrah
Pronunciation: toh-RAH
Phonetic Spelling: (to-raw')
Definition: Law, Instruction, Teaching
Meaning: a precept, statute
Word Origin: Derived from the root יָרָה (yarah), meaning "to throw, shoot, or direct," often used in the context of teaching or instruction.
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G3551 - νόμος (nomos): Often used in the New Testament to refer to the Law of Moses or the broader concept of law and commandments.
Usage: The term "Torah" primarily refers to the first five books of the Bible, also known as the Pentateuch. It encompasses the laws, commandments, and teachings given by God to the people of Israel through Moses. In a broader sense, "Torah" can refer to the entire body of Jewish religious teachings, including both written and oral traditions. It is often translated as "law" but carries a deeper connotation of divine instruction and guidance for living a life pleasing to God.
Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Israel, the Torah was central to religious, social, and legal life. It was considered the ultimate authority and guide for moral conduct, worship, and community governance. The Torah was read publicly and taught in synagogues, ensuring that its teachings were accessible to all. The giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai is a foundational event in Jewish history, symbolizing the covenant between God and His people.
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8451.htm
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G3551. nomos: Law
Original Word: νόμος
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: nomos
Pronunciation: NO-mos
Phonetic Spelling: (nom'-os)
Definition: Law
Meaning: usage, custom, law; in NT: of law in general, plur: of divine laws; of a force or influence impelling to action; of the Mosaic law; meton: of the books which contain the law, the Pentateuch, the Old Testament scriptures in general.
Word Origin: Derived from the base of νέμω (nemo), meaning "to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals."
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H8451 - תּוֹרָה (torah): Often translated as "law," referring to the teachings and instructions given by God, particularly the first five books of the Bible.
- H4941 - מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat): Meaning "judgment" or "ordinance," often used in the context of legal decisions or decrees.
Usage: In the New Testament, "nomos" primarily refers to the law of God as given to Moses, encompassing the commandments, statutes, and ordinances found in the Torah. It can also refer to law in a more general sense, including human laws or principles. The term is used to describe the entire Old Testament legal system, the moral law, and sometimes the principle of law as opposed to grace.
Cultural and Historical Background: In Jewish culture, the "nomos" was central to religious life, representing God's covenant with Israel. It was seen as a guide for righteous living and a means to maintain a relationship with God. In the Greco-Roman world, law was also a significant concept, governing civic life and order. The New Testament writers, particularly Paul, often addressed the role of the law in light of the new covenant established through Jesus Christ.
https://biblehub.com/greek/3551.htm
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G4137. pléroó: To fill, to make full, to complete, to fulfill
Original Word: πληρόω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: pléroó
Pronunciation: play-ro'-o
Phonetic Spelling: (play-ro'-o)
Definition: To fill, to make full, to complete, to fulfill
Meaning: I fill, fulfill, complete.
Word Origin: From the Greek word πλήρης (plérēs), meaning "full" or "complete."
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H4390 (מָלֵא, male'): To fill, be full
- H7999 (שָׁלַם, shalam): To be complete, to fulfill
Usage: The verb "pléroó" primarily conveys the idea of filling something to its full capacity or bringing something to completion. In the New Testament, it is often used to describe the fulfillment of prophecies, the completion of joy, or the filling of individuals with the Holy Spirit. It can also refer to the fulfillment of the law or commandments, indicating a bringing to full expression or realization.
Cultural and Historical Background: In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of "fullness" was significant in various contexts, including commerce, where a vessel or measure being "full" indicated completeness and sufficiency. In Jewish thought, the fulfillment of the law and the prophets was a central theme, with the coming of the Messiah seen as the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises. The use of "pléroó" in the New Testament reflects this cultural understanding of completion and fulfillment, particularly in relation to God's redemptive plan.
https://biblehub.com/greek/4137.htm
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Last Updated on 2025-04-13 by assa